English
G48
GL
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Brake fluid is a type of hydraulic fluid used in hydraulic brake and hydraulic clutch applications in automobiles, motorcycles, light trucks, and some bicycles. It is used to transfer force into pressure, and to amplify braking force. It works because liquids are not appreciably compressible.
Characteristics:
Brake fluids must have certain characteristics and meet certain quality standards for the braking system to work properly.
Viscosity:
For reliable, consistent brake system operation, brake fluid must maintain a constant viscosity under a wide range of temperatures, including extreme cold. This is especially important in systems with an anti-lock braking system (ABS), traction control, and stability control (ESP), as these systems often use micro-valves and require very rapid activation.
Boiling point:
Brake fluid is subjected to very high temperatures, especially in the wheel cylinders of drum brakes and disk brake calipers. It must have a high boiling point to avoid vaporizing in the lines. This vaporization creates a problem because vapor is highly compressible relative to liquid, and therefore negates the hydraulic transfer of braking force - so the brakes will fail to stop the vehicle.
| Dry boiling point | Wet boiling point | Viscosity at -40 °C°F | Viscosity at 100 °C (212 °F) | Primary constituent | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DOT 2 | 190 °C (374 °F) | 140 °C (284 °F) | ? | ? | castor oil/alcohol |
| DOT 3 | 205 °C (401 °F) | 140 °C (284 °F) | ≤ 1500 mm2/s | ≥ 1.5 mm2/s | glycol ether |
| DOT 4 | 230 °C (446 °F) | 155 °C (311 °F) | ≤ 1800 mm2/s | ≥ 1.5 mm2/s | glycol ether/borate ester |
| DOT 4+ | 230 °C (446 °F) | 155 °C (311 °F) | ≤ 750 mm2/s | ≥ 1.5 mm2/s | glycol ether/borate ester |
| LHM+ | 249 °C (480 °F) | 249 °C (480 °F) | ≤ 1200 mm2/s[16] | ≥ 6.5 mm2/s | mineral oil |
| DOT 5 | 260 °C (500 °F) | 180 °C (356 °F) | ≤ 900 mm2/s | ≥ 1.5 mm2/s | silicone |
| DOT 5.1 | 260 °C (500 °F) | 180 °C (356 °F) | ≤ 900 mm2/s | ≥ 1.5 mm2/s | glycol ether/borate ester |
| DOT 5.1 ESP | 260 °C (500 °F) | 180 °C (356 °F) | ≤ 750 mm2/s | ≥ 1.5 mm2/s | glycol ether/borate ester |
| ISO 4925 Class 3 | 205 °C (401 °F) | 140 °C (284 °F) | ≤ 1500 mm2/s | ≥ 1.5 mm2/s | |
| ISO 4925 Class 4 | 230 °C (446 °F) | 155 °C (311 °F) | ≤ 1500 mm2/s | ≥ 1.5 mm2/s | |
| ISO 4925 Class 5-1 | 260 °C (500 °F) | 180 °C (356 °F) | ≤ 900 mm2/s | ≥ 1.5 mm2/s | |
| ISO 4925 Class 6 | 250 °C (482 °F) | 165 °C (329 °F) | ≤ 750 mm2/s | ≥ 1.5 mm2/s | |
| ISO 4925 Class 7 | 260 °C (500 °F) | 180 °C (356 °F) | ≤ 750 mm2/s | ≥ 1.5 mm2/s |
Brake fluid is a type of hydraulic fluid used in hydraulic brake and hydraulic clutch applications in automobiles, motorcycles, light trucks, and some bicycles. It is used to transfer force into pressure, and to amplify braking force. It works because liquids are not appreciably compressible.
Characteristics:
Brake fluids must have certain characteristics and meet certain quality standards for the braking system to work properly.
Viscosity:
For reliable, consistent brake system operation, brake fluid must maintain a constant viscosity under a wide range of temperatures, including extreme cold. This is especially important in systems with an anti-lock braking system (ABS), traction control, and stability control (ESP), as these systems often use micro-valves and require very rapid activation.
Boiling point:
Brake fluid is subjected to very high temperatures, especially in the wheel cylinders of drum brakes and disk brake calipers. It must have a high boiling point to avoid vaporizing in the lines. This vaporization creates a problem because vapor is highly compressible relative to liquid, and therefore negates the hydraulic transfer of braking force - so the brakes will fail to stop the vehicle.
| Dry boiling point | Wet boiling point | Viscosity at -40 °C°F | Viscosity at 100 °C (212 °F) | Primary constituent | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DOT 2 | 190 °C (374 °F) | 140 °C (284 °F) | ? | ? | castor oil/alcohol |
| DOT 3 | 205 °C (401 °F) | 140 °C (284 °F) | ≤ 1500 mm2/s | ≥ 1.5 mm2/s | glycol ether |
| DOT 4 | 230 °C (446 °F) | 155 °C (311 °F) | ≤ 1800 mm2/s | ≥ 1.5 mm2/s | glycol ether/borate ester |
| DOT 4+ | 230 °C (446 °F) | 155 °C (311 °F) | ≤ 750 mm2/s | ≥ 1.5 mm2/s | glycol ether/borate ester |
| LHM+ | 249 °C (480 °F) | 249 °C (480 °F) | ≤ 1200 mm2/s[16] | ≥ 6.5 mm2/s | mineral oil |
| DOT 5 | 260 °C (500 °F) | 180 °C (356 °F) | ≤ 900 mm2/s | ≥ 1.5 mm2/s | silicone |
| DOT 5.1 | 260 °C (500 °F) | 180 °C (356 °F) | ≤ 900 mm2/s | ≥ 1.5 mm2/s | glycol ether/borate ester |
| DOT 5.1 ESP | 260 °C (500 °F) | 180 °C (356 °F) | ≤ 750 mm2/s | ≥ 1.5 mm2/s | glycol ether/borate ester |
| ISO 4925 Class 3 | 205 °C (401 °F) | 140 °C (284 °F) | ≤ 1500 mm2/s | ≥ 1.5 mm2/s | |
| ISO 4925 Class 4 | 230 °C (446 °F) | 155 °C (311 °F) | ≤ 1500 mm2/s | ≥ 1.5 mm2/s | |
| ISO 4925 Class 5-1 | 260 °C (500 °F) | 180 °C (356 °F) | ≤ 900 mm2/s | ≥ 1.5 mm2/s | |
| ISO 4925 Class 6 | 250 °C (482 °F) | 165 °C (329 °F) | ≤ 750 mm2/s | ≥ 1.5 mm2/s | |
| ISO 4925 Class 7 | 260 °C (500 °F) | 180 °C (356 °F) | ≤ 750 mm2/s | ≥ 1.5 mm2/s |